La Difesa Della Razza
In the years leading up to World War II, Mussolini's policies and laws reflected and encouraged the intensification of racism across Fascist Italy. To advance and garner support for his policies, Mussolini used the political and popular press. Publication of the biweekly newspaper La Difesa della Razza ( In Defense of Race) began in August 5, 1938 and continued until June 20, 1943. Together with the so-called "Manifesto degli Scienziati Razzisti" (Manifesto of Racial/Racist Scientists), the publication's goal was to foster racism through biological and scientific rather than political arguments.
The La Difesa della Razza Collection in Special Collections at the USF Tampa Library holds a complete run of the publication. In 2013, the Library completed a project to digitize all issues of this collection and make them freely available online.
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, June 5, 1940
Contents: Can't we talk reasonably about race?; Studies on the ethnic mixing of the population; On the edge of the Syriac Desert; The Gebel and the Druze; Italian Corsica - Racial Synthesis; Races and Religions; The "Glory" of the Aryan people; Demography and Eugenics by Tommaso Campanella; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, May 20, 1940
Contents: The mystique of race in ancient Rome; Human remediation; Racial Studies in Transylvania; Racial trip to Italy; St. Thomas and the Jews; Italian history for Italians; What is Vital; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, May 5, 1940
Contents: Enemy France; The Renaissance of the Jews; Inheritance and destiny; the Jews in China; Breed training processor; Racial trip to Italy; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, April 20, 1940
Contents: Racial journey through Italy: Littorina and the Pontine countryside; The races and the myth of the origins of Rome; the Two Renaissances; The voice of race in Giovanni Verga; Racial study of fingerprints; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, April 5, 1940
Contents: Ethnic transplants; Fertility of ancient peoples; Racial studies in Bologna; The ordering of human nature; Voltaire and the Jews; Function of Italy in the Middle Ages; The Jews in China; Legislative defense of race; The first racists; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, March 20, 1940
Contents: Italian studies on miscegenation; The Bastards of Rehoboth; Jamaica mulattos; Rhineland mestizos; Crosses between Chinese and European; The mestizos of Polynesia; Miscegenation in South America; The Negro-Chinese crossings; The creases of the eyelids in the human races; Nature of the French language; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, March 5, 1940
Contents: Minorities in France; Origins of the Jewish people; Return to humanism; Germany and England; The Martyrdom of San Simonino; Natural environment and racial characteristics; Are Ethiopians a race?; L.B. Alberti, scholar of racial problems; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, February 20, 1940
Contents: Natural environment and racial characters; nosography of the limmu and the magi; the conference on the concept of race; The true story of Rome; Jews and mathematics; Racism in North America; The "smooth" of the guides; Writing and the Italian race; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, February 5, 1940
Contents: Racial Italianity of the Ampezzo; Women's sport and race health; supreme values of the Aryan race; Jews in Libya; Judaism in stamps; The Japanese race; Breeds in the Balkans; The Brazilian racial problem; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, January 20, 1940
Contents: Story of a Moroccan Jew; Jewish influences on Roman historiography; The architecture and the Jewish people; Aryans and Semites in the Mediterranean; Leonardo a racist painter; The Armenia's; Racial Bibliography; Race and history; The Roman doctrine of victory; Sentiment and art; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, January 5, 1940
Contents: The doctrine of race in the center of political preparation of young people; The tradition of classical games and the health of the breed; Mosaic of races in the commissariat of magi; Racial Psychology; The Jews and the Anglo-Boer War; The house and the race; Jews in Argentina; The Finnish race; breeds in Russia; The Minister of the Jews; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, December 20, 1939
Contents: Continuity of the breed; The highest symbol; Race and history; Christmas traditions of our breed; Italian history from the Italian point of view; Crimes against the prestige of race; Race and War; The fossil man; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, December 5, 1939
Contents: Music in the tradition of our race; Racial continuity in Roman families; Science and Race; Inherits psychic aptitudes; Racial Studies in Hungary and Bulgaria; Races and methods of conquest; How the war was prepared; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, November 20, 1939
Contents: Art and race; Italian doctrine of race; Two heroics; Racial reflections of the colonization of Libya; Race and Family Politics; Races and malaria; The bourgeoisie in the sentences of Alfredo Oriana; Rites and superstitions of the Jews; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, November 5, 1939
Contents: Contents: Introduction; The reality of race; The putaine ethnic group; I soul of the race; The eternal Jewish question and its solution; Of the German literature on race; The politics of race in Italy and in the world; The causes of Italian racism; Race relations between Yugoslavia and Italy; Fascism creator; Teachings of Italian racism to Hungarians
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, October 20, 1939
Contents: From land to race; Calosso; Race and War; The race of the bourgeois; Race and Family Politics; The demon of sexuality; The Jewish face of modern humanism; Between the force and the alcove; Celibacy, death of peoples; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, October 5, 1939
Contents: Judaism and the Roman Empire; Fichte and the Spirit of the French Revolution; Saints of the Italian race: S. Bernardino from Feltre; Zionist leaders; The heroic feeling of life; Jewish Inventions: High Magic; Parallel between Zeno and Spinoza; The rural element of the Italian race; Land and Race in Germany; Racial studies in continents outside Europe; Subversive ideologies among the indigenous people of southern Africa; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, September 20, 1939
Contents: The irreligion of bourgeois Judaism; The Problem of Hebrew Names; Jewish rituals; Levantine pollution of classical philosophy; The Falashas, Jews of Ethiopia; Jews in Romania; An anti-Semitic saint: Nilo da Rossano; Racial characters of the Swedish race; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, September 5, 1939
Contents: Demographic prospects; Race and nationality in Romania; Italian purity of the Picene people; Breed and Infectious Diseases; The disruptors; Jacob Wasserman; Deeds and misdeeds of a Jew; The negro and the crisis of civilization; Philosophy and race; Trasteverini against Jews and French; Jewish events in medieval Britain; How the popular mask of the Jew is fashioned; races and professions in non-European countries; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, August 20, 1939
Contents: Strange uses of a strong race of the empire: the jangeros; Marriage attraction and racial purity; Land and race; American racial scholars; Albania and its people; the Ainu; Jewish writers Arnold Zweig; Jews in French Africa; The failure of English colonization in Africa; Neo-Jewish formation of the bourgeoisie; The Jews and the Four Internationals; Semitism and classical studies; Cartesian rationalism against ancient culture; Man and not philosopher; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, August 5, 1939
Contents: The delivery of Mussolini: Complete collection of the sentences on race contained in the writings and speeches of the Duce; Racial variants of the Yugoslav people; Race and sport; Judaism in Cattedra; The Jews against Spain; Be Italian; Jews in Poland; The eternal Ellade; Race and civilization of the Persians; Race and professional occupations; Questions; Author and Subject Index for first year of journal
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, July 20, 1939
Contents: The Italian "minority" in France; The Italian race in prehistory; Racial problems in Latin America; Racial Studies in Poland and Russia; Jewish Criminal Psychology; The Jews against Rome; Sardinians against French; Blood and genius of the race; Racism in the Library; A Jewish "patriot": Giuseppe Revere; A Jewish maneuver against Vincenzo Gioberti; Race Conflicts in Ancient Egyptian Art; Muhammad and the Jews; The Hereford charter; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, July 5, 1939
Contents: The problem of race in the Risorgimento; The beauty of the Italian breed; Judaism in music; The Jewish tampering with the Italian nation: Literature, Art, Science, Journalism, Cinema, Banking, Law, Finance; Racism in the Library; Food of the Italians; The fight against malaria; Circulatory pathology in the Italian and Jewish race; The Tocharian language; The people without genius; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, June 20, 1939
Contents: The solution of the Jewish problem; Jewish insolence protected by law; Inheritance and moral freedom; Racial Studies in Balkan Europe; The last nomads; Decline of a race; Truth of the Christian religion; The Merchants Factory; Jews in Trentino; Jews and French in Ancona; Jews in Ancona; The loan sharks of Vercelli; Jews in Puglia; Pontifical bulls against the Jews; The eternal enemies of Rome; Jewish usurers in Cortona; Questions; Racism in the Library