La Difesa Della Razza
In the years leading up to World War II, Mussolini's policies and laws reflected and encouraged the intensification of racism across Fascist Italy. To advance and garner support for his policies, Mussolini used the political and popular press. Publication of the biweekly newspaper La Difesa della Razza ( In Defense of Race) began in August 5, 1938 and continued until June 20, 1943. Together with the so-called "Manifesto degli Scienziati Razzisti" (Manifesto of Racial/Racist Scientists), the publication's goal was to foster racism through biological and scientific rather than political arguments.
The La Difesa della Razza Collection in Special Collections at the USF Tampa Library holds a complete run of the publication. In 2013, the Library completed a project to digitize all issues of this collection and make them freely available online.
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, June 20, 1942
Contents: Jews at work; Cephalic index of Jews; Jewish aversion to sweat work; The eternal triumph of Rom over parasitic Judaism; Biological racism and the end of individualism; Better than the pogrom; The Jewish dynasty of oil; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, June 5, 1942
Contents: Real racism and spurious racism; Who do they belong to?; Fundamentals of racial hygiene; Scientific genesis of the concept of race; Historical summary of Jews in Italy; Nationality and racism; Mestizos in history; Evolution of the concept of Arianism; History of racial classifications; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, May 20, 1942
Contents: Poem by Alexander Blok; Scythians; Essence of Bolshevism; Dawn of Fascist life; Mussolini youth; Bolshevik youth; Obtuse barbarism of the descendants of the Scythians; Behind the curtain of Russian bolshevism; Jews of the USSR; Discovering the Jewish altars; Comintern; Bolshevism between the two faces of Jewish action; The Bolshevik anti-man; Bolshevism and civilization; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, May 5, 1942
Contents: True story of Italian racism; Gravity of the Jewish problem in Italy; Because the straight path was lost; The international unmasked against intellectual mestizos; The pure Italian race; Secular continuity of our race; Aryan nobility of the Italians; Appeal of racial subdivisions; Mediterranean's in the Italian race; Biological realty of race; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, April 20, 1942
Contents: Speech to the "New Lymph's"; The biological factors of racial units; Human races exist; Aryanity of Italy; Nordic-Aryan racism; The purely biological concept of race; Characteristics of fascist racism; Historical continuity of the Italian race; Jews in Italy; Races and sub-races; Miscegenation; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, April 5, 1942
Contents: Racism and chromosomes; Race, heritage, personality; Race and music; Racist pride and anti-racist hypocrisy; Anglo-Saxon racial loneliness; Jewish power in the South African Union; Primitive race of Africa; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, March 20, 1942
Contents: Biological foundations of racism; Race and music; North Americans are Anglo-Saxons?; Race, civilization, history; Racial rivalries, weapons of British imperialism in India; Jewish rookie; How England encouraged illegal immigration of Jews to Palestine; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, March 5, 1942
Contents: Biology and race; Race and music; Sicily and race; Jews in the Decameron; People and customs in Central Africa; Anglo-Saxon slavery and humanitarianism; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, February 20, 1942
Contents: Race and music; Race is the mountain; The Italian race; Rites and traditions of ancient African peoples; Jews in the Decameron; Judaic subversiveness in Romania; History of Judaism; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, February 5, 1942
Contents: United States Anglo-Saxon racial myth; A race that was never born; White men, black souls; Physio-psychological characteristics of the Anglo-Saxons in America; How the Jews dragged the United States into war
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, January 20, 1942
Contents: The Jews against Spain; People, State, Race in the thought of Vincent Cuoco; The Marche Jews in the 12th and 16th Centuries; Anti-Catholic England; Race defense in Germany; Russian messianism; Tartars in Russia; The ancient Jewish rite of circumcision; Facial morphology; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, January 5, 1942
Contents: Relics of lithic culture in Spain; Anthroposociology; Cephalic deformations of Africans; Italian studies on racial differences in the face; Jews in the novels of Sacchetti; Race and music; Lack of spirit; The Jews against Spain in the Middle Ages; Racist's Almanac; Racism in Liberia; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, December 20, 1941
Contents: Civilization and race; Race and experience of pain; Racist interpretation of a myth; Jews in France and the Inquisition; Arabized peoples in Africa; Jewish Judas and Negroid Judas; Anthropology; The prenuptial certificate; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, December 5, 1941
Contents: The Italian race - from the Carolingian empire to feudalism; Nomadic people and sedentary people in Iraq; Anthropology; History of Judaism - Jews in Greece; The Etruscan civilizers of America?; Origin and fortune of the name Italy; Peoples of Central America; Racist's Almanac; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, November 20, 1941
Contents: The eagle; Notes of Albanian anthropology; Anthropology; The Hutsuls; The temple against the capitol; Two saints against a Jewish antipope; Races of the USSR; Racist's Almanac; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, November 5, 1941
Contents: Racial Italianity in Nice; Pygmies and pygmoids of Africa; Racism legislation; The Cincinnati Zionist Conference; Inferiority and Superiority; The five races of Manchuria; Invitation to the study of peoples; Racist's Almanac; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, October 20, 1941
Contents: Race and Bosses; The Races of the USSR; The Jews in Sacchetti stories; Blood and spirit; The most heinous Jewish insult against Christianity; Jewish pedagogy; Anglo-Jewish Africa; Paleo-Sardinian civilization; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, October 5, 1941
Contents: The Zulus; The Minoan-Cycladic civilization; Anthropology; The Jewish race; The adventurous Solomon Bloom; The Urgo-Finnic affinity; Jews in the Papal States at the time of the Restoration; Racists Almanac; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, September 20, 1941
Contents: The formation of the human races; From the Roman breed to the Italian breed; Mystical ethical philosophy of racism; Vespasian and Titus destroying Israel; The Jewish race; Dalmatian tradition; The race of the USSR; Racists Almanac; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, September 5, 1941
Contents: Good and evil; The bushmen; Anthropology; History of Judaism; Aryans and Judaic tricks; Importance of healthy teeth; Bela Kun, the Beast of Moscow; Racists Almanac; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, August 20, 1941
Contents: Mystical ethical philosophy of racism; What survives of psychoanalysis?; Baltic races on the edge of the USSR; The Italian race; Anthropological parody in Russia; The Messiah among the zealots and the Pharisees; Anti-Judaism by Pietro Aretino; Racism legislation; Racists almanac; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, August 5, 1941
Issue on Judaism and Bolshevism
Contents: Anti-racism and false racism in Bolshevik Russia; Jews in the Red Army; Ghepeu; Jewish diplomacy; Litwinoff-Finkelstein, The "Diplomat"; The Kaganowich Dynasty; International journalism; The Stalinist clique; Jews of the USSR; Masonic History of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion; Israel versus Dante; Churchill and the Jews; Racists Almanac; Questions -
Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, July 20, 1941
Contents: Legacy of primitives to our civilization; Origin and classification of the Italian race; Towards a racial supernationalism; Statistics of Jews in Romania; Ancient Italian deities; Racists almanac; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, July 5, 1941
Contents: Race harmonies; Anthropology; Rome Air: The Origins; The Zionist utopia; History of Judaism; St. Paul and the Jews; Jews in France after the defeat of 1940; Racists almanac; Questions