La Difesa Della Razza
In the years leading up to World War II, Mussolini's policies and laws reflected and encouraged the intensification of racism across Fascist Italy. To advance and garner support for his policies, Mussolini used the political and popular press. Publication of the biweekly newspaper La Difesa della Razza ( In Defense of Race) began in August 5, 1938 and continued until June 20, 1943. Together with the so-called "Manifesto degli Scienziati Razzisti" (Manifesto of Racial/Racist Scientists), the publication's goal was to foster racism through biological and scientific rather than political arguments.
The La Difesa della Razza Collection in Special Collections at the USF Tampa Library holds a complete run of the publication. In 2013, the Library completed a project to digitize all issues of this collection and make them freely available online.
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, June 20, 1941
Contents: Racial panorama of pre-Roman Italy; Motherhood as a defense of the race; The characters of the Jewish type; The legend of the wandering Jew; Physical decay of England; Racial jurisprudence; The prenuptial certificate; Racists almanac; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, June 5, 1941
Contents: Parasitic diseases and human races; Anthropology; Racial critique of democratic egalitarianism; Trafficking of American Negroes; Myth and reality of the Jewish woman; The Mediterranean and the Aryan civilization; Racist advocacy of rural youth; The Jewish race; Racists almanac; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, May 20, 1941
Contents: African pygmies; Race health; Anthropology; Origin of the Jews of Rhodes; Celine and Judaism; Racism in the "City of the Sun" by Tomaso Campanella; Racism legislation; Racists almanac; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, May 5, 1941
Contents: European races and the problem of aristocracies; Mystical ethical philosophy of racism; Jewish race; Italian race; Artistic genius of our race; The Phanariot phenomenon in Romania; Origins of the population of Australia; Racists almanac; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, April 20, 1941
Contents: The racial factor in Balkan affairs; Anthropology; Mystical ethical philosophy of racism; The French Revolution principle of regression; History of Judaism; Life and Works of Vacher de Lapouge; Racists almanac; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, April 5, 1941
Contents: The Italian race; Mystical ethical philosophy of racism; Megalomaniac Serbs; Jewish espionage; The races of South and East Asia; Racial health; Racists almanac; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, March 20, 1941
Contents: Etho-racial Europe; Anthropology; Racial legislation; Miscegenation; Italian anti-Jewish art; Rites and Superstitions of African peoples; The racial conflict between Japan and the USA; Racists almanac; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, March 5, 1941
Contents: Racial health; Physiognomic characters and racial identity; Racial legislation; The politics of race and the new European order; Who are the French?; For a national genealogical archive; History of Judaism; Racists almanac; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, February 20, 1941
Contents: Anthropology; Classifications of human races; Evolution, Philosophy, Mysticism of racism; Miscegenation; Single air front; Psychic atavisms of the English race; The doctrine of race in Titus Livy; Racists almanac; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, February 5, 1941
Contents: The two "chosen" peoples; What is Yiddish; The Sibylline books; Marxism and semitism; Anglo-Saxon nobility or Anglo-Jewish nobility; Walloons and Flemings; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, January 20, 1941
Contents: Alexander the Great and the source of life; Jews in England in Shakespeare's time; Madagascar promised land?; "Judeoscopy"; Degeneration of the Anglo-Saxon race; People and customs of ex-English Somalia; Race and super race in the new imperial spaces; The classification of human races according to Von Eickstedt; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, January 5, 1941
Contents: The Armenians of the Pindos - culture and historical events; Environment, races, and professional attitudes; The autarky in the ancient myths of the Italian race; Jewish cuisine; Studies on heigh increase in Scandinavia; Considerations on the criminality of the Jews; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, December 20, 1940
Contents: Christmas and the ancient celebrations of the Italian race; Rome and the "Solar" Christmas of the Nordic tradition: Aria; Large estates and race; The most antisocial people in the Roman Empire; Letter from Ancona - Sunset of the "Republic of the Jews"; G. Montandon's studies on the prehistory of Japan; The influence of the city on the shape of the head; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, December 5, 1940
Contents: The Maltese tradition; Picturesque life of a nomadic race - the Roma; Anti-Jewish masquerades in the sixteenth century, the "Guided" in Rome; Lycurgus' racist eugenics; Race and art in Romanian prehistory; Race and the philosophy of life; Oceanic migrations and the origins of the Malagasy; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, November 20, 1940
Contents: Modern research on blood groups; British anti-racism; German racial literature in wartime; A vanishing race; Jews and Judaism in old Romania; The Jews of Thessaloniki; The Jews in Rome in the seventeenth century; Similarities between Judaism and the religion of the English; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, November 5, 1940
Contents: The problem of mestizos in Europe; The Cro-Magnon breed through the ages; Classical Greek and modern Greek; Japanese race; The Red Sea against Moses - the Jewish laws in writing by Luigi Capuana; Leopardi adherences to ancient Judaism and contrasts with modern Judaism; Heroic symbols of the Aryan-Roman tradition: the axe; Jews were not the founders of Rome; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, October 1940
Contents: The origin of racial characters in the light of modern science; Studies in racial physiology; An artist of the race - Pedro Centeno seen by an Americanist; The racial and psychological character of the Romanian people through its history; The American Indian and his civilization; The purposes of the war declared by the Jews; The Zionist utopia; A racist interpretation of "Othello"; The Anglo-Saxon race - the Jewish spirit of Puritanism; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, October 5, 1940
Contents: The variations of the integumentary system in the human races; Considerations on the pathology of the Jews; The Italian Renaissance and sport - Baldassarre Castiglione; Ancient Aryan virtues; Jews under the two towers; Zionism and Zionists; The moving race of history; Judaism is not a religion; The Jews, the British and the Opium War; Characters of heroes - Barbarism of reason; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, September 5-20, 1940
Contents: Modern research on the main anthropological characteristics; The shape of the face in the human races; Sport and women; The Italian woman in German art; Villa Medici sold for 550 scudi; Illegitimate parentage and race; Soul and race of war; Political adventures; Descendants of the Illyrians: the Morlachs; The British secret service; Umbria against the Jews; The Lagoa Santa Breed; How do Jews recognize themselves?; Jews in the new Europe and the problem of isolation; The mounted style of the French; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, August 20, 1940
Contents: The methods for the study of human races; Racial study of palm prints; Hungarians and the racial problem; Studies on the races of the empire: the Gauls; Jews for Napoleon; Jewish penetration into Europe in the 19th century; Racial homogeneity of the Sicilian people; The economic age against the Roman image of the citizen; Reflection and tyranny; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, August 5, 1940
Contents: The hereditary factors of growth; Ancient and modern systematics of human races; The racism of Frederick Nietzsche; A century of Jewish-British abuse in Egypt; Jews in Shanghai; Jewish defeat; Jewish converts; History without abstractions; To the perfecters of nature; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, July 20, 1940
Contents: Hereditary studies in Germany; The twin method; Cancer is hereditary?; Eugenic propaganda; Heredity in hemophilia; Anti-Judaism in Italy through the centuries; Racism and African art: typical art and its possibilities; Anthropology in the framework of the politics of race; American and African Negroes in Liberia; Deadly effects of philosophy; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, July 5, 1940
Contents: Hereditary pathology studies in Germany; Two years of racism in Italy; Moneylenders and Jews in the Republic of San Marino; Judaism in the Balkans; An enemy of Jewish usury: the blessed cherup of Spoleto; Racial politics of Ferdinand of Aragon; The primacy of the Italian race in the conquests of ingenuity; Spontaneity and leveling in the history of Italy; Judaism fomenter of Protestantism; Life force of illusions - reason is idle and powerless; Questions
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Difesa della Razza: Scienza, Documentazione, Polemica, Questionario, June 20, 1940
Contents: The solution of the Jewish question - Madagascar; Work and race; Racial motives of poetry theater; The world of heroic races; Racial propaganda in the Third Reich; Popular war; Jews and Arabs in medieval Spain; Nation and language and character; Questions