Isoniazid Inhibits Human Erythroid 5-aminolevulinate Synthase: Molecular Mechanism and Tolerance Study with Four X-linked Protoporphyria Patients
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
2017
Keywords
ALA5-aminolevulinic acid, 5-aminolevulinic acid, ALAS1non-specific isoform of 5-aminolevulinate synthase, non-specific isoform of 5-aminolevulinate synthase, ALAS2erythroid-specific isoform of 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific isoform of 5-aminolevulinate synthase, mALAS2erythroid-specific isoform of murine 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific isoform of murine 5-aminolevulinate synthase, ΔmALAS2erythroid-specific isoform of 5-aminolevulinate synthase with an N-terminal truncation, erythroid-specific isoform of 5-aminolevulinate synthase with an N-terminal truncation, hALAS1non-specific isoform of human 5-aminolevulinate synthase, non-specific isoform of human 5-aminolevulinate synthase, hALAS2erythroid-specific isoform of human 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific isoform of human 5-aminolevulinate synthase, PLPpyridoxal 5′-phosphate, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate, SDS-PAGEsodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, CDcircular dichroism, circular dichroism, XLPPX-linked protoporphyria, X-linked protoporphyria, XLSAX-linked sideroblastic anemia, X-linked sideroblastic anemia, 5-Aminolevulinate synthase, Heme, Porphyria, Anemia, Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate, Enzyme inhibitors, Enzyme stuctures
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.011
Abstract
Mutations in the C-terminus of human erythroid 5-aminolevulinate synthase (hALAS2), a pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme, are associated with two different blood disorders, X-linked sideroblastic anemia (XLSA) and X-linked protoporphyria (XLPP). XLSA-causing mutations yield hALAS2 variants with decreased activity, while XLPP-causing mutations result in a gain-of-function of hALAS2. There are no specific treatments for XLPP. Isonicotinic acid hydrazide (isoniazid, INH), an antituberculosis agent, can cause sideroblastic anemia as a side-effect, by limiting PLP availability to hALAS2, via inhibition of pyridoxal kinase or reaction with pyridoxal to form pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone. We hypothesized that INH also binds and directly inhibits hALAS2. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting and confocal fluorescence microscopy, we demonstrate that INH reduces protoporphyrin IX levels in HeLa cells expressing either wild-type hALAS2 or XLPP variants. In addition, PLP and pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate (PMP) reversed the cellular inhibition of hALAS2 activity by INH. Steady-state kinetic analyses with purified hALAS2 indicated that INH directly inhibits the enzyme, noncompetitively or uncompetitively, with an apparent Ki of 1.2 μM. Circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that INH triggered tertiary structural changes in hALAS2 that altered the microenvironment of the PLP cofactor and hampered the association of PLP with apo-hALAS2. Treatment of four XLPP patients with INH (5 mg·kg− 1·day− 1) over a six-month period was well tolerated but without statistically significant modification of PPIX levels. These results, taken together, permit us to further an INH inhibition kinetic mechanism for ALAS, which suggests the possible use of INH-derived drugs in treating patients with XLPP and potentially other protoporphyrin-accumulating porphyrias.
Was this content written or created while at USF?
Yes
Citation / Publisher Attribution
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease, v. 1863, issue 2, p. 428-439
Scholar Commons Citation
Fratz-Berilla, Erica J.; Breydo, Leonid; Gouya, Laurent; Puy, Hervé; Uversky, Vladimir N.; and Ferreira, Gloria C., "Isoniazid Inhibits Human Erythroid 5-aminolevulinate Synthase: Molecular Mechanism and Tolerance Study with Four X-linked Protoporphyria Patients" (2017). Molecular Medicine Faculty Publications. 306.
https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/mme_facpub/306
