Lung Cancer Screening: Advantages, Controversies, and Applications
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
2014
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
https://doi.org/10.1177/107327481402100102
Abstract
Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Results from the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) have shown that low-dose computed tomography (CT) is capable of detecting lung neoplasms in individuals at high risk. However, whether it is advantageous to perform lung cancer screening on these patients is a significant concern, as are the potential adverse outcomes from screening.
Methods: A review of several randomized clinical trials, focusing on the NLST, was undertaken. Adverse outcomes and costs related to lung cancer screening were also examined.
Results: Lung cancer screening using low-dose CT in high-risk individuals reduced lung cancer deaths by more than 20% when compared with those screened by chest radiography. False-positive results were seen in both groups, but the number of adverse events from the screening test and subsequent diagnostic procedures was low.
Conclusions: Lung cancer screening is controversial, but the NLST has demonstrated that such testing may reduce lung cancer deaths in high-risk individuals when performed with low-dose CT rather than chest radiography. Guidelines should be established to not only help identify an appropriate screening population, but also develop standards for radiological testing.
Was this content written or created while at USF?
Yes
Citation / Publisher Attribution
Cancer Control, v. 21, issue 1, p. 9-14
Scholar Commons Citation
Nanavaty, Prema; Alvarez, Michael S.; and Alberts, W. Michael, "Lung Cancer Screening: Advantages, Controversies, and Applications" (2014). Internal Medicine Faculty Publications. 216.
https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/intmed_facpub/216
