Mechanisms for Increased Insulin-stimulated Akt Phosphorylation and Glucose Uptake in Fast- and Slow-twitch Skeletal Muscles of Calorie-restricted Rats
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
2011
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00659.2010
Abstract
Calorie restriction [CR; ∼65% of ad libitum (AL) intake] improves insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (GU) and Akt phosphorylation in skeletal muscle. We aimed to elucidate the effects of CR on 1) processes that regulate Akt phosphorylation [insulin receptor (IR) tyrosine phosphorylation, IR substrate 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (IRS-PI3K) activity, and Akt binding to regulatory proteins (heat shock protein 90, Appl1, protein phosphatase 2A)]; 2) Akt substrate of 160-kDa (AS160) phosphorylation on key phosphorylation sites; and 3) atypical PKC (aPKC) activity. Isolated epitrochlearis (fast-twitch) and soleus (slow-twitch) muscles from AL or CR (6 mo duration) 9-mo-old male F344BN rats were incubated with 0, 1.2, or 30 nM insulin and 2-deoxy-[3H]glucose. Some CR effects were independent of insulin dose or muscle type: CR caused activation of Akt (Thr308 and Ser473) and GU in both muscles at both insulin doses without CR effects on IRS1-PI3K, Akt-PP2A, or Akt-Appl1. Several muscle- and insulin dose-specific CR effects were revealed. Akt-HSP90 binding was increased in the epitrochlearis; AS160 phosphorylation (Ser588 and Thr642) was greater for CR epitrochlearis at 1.2 nM insulin; and IR phosphorylation and aPKC activity were greater for CR in both muscles with 30 nM insulin. On the basis of these data, our working hypothesis for improved insulin-stimulated GU with CR is as follows: 1) elevated Akt phosphorylation is fundamental, regardless of muscle or insulin dose; 2) altered Akt binding to regulatory proteins (HSP90 and unidentified Akt partners) is involved in the effects of CR on Akt phosphorylation; 3) Akt effects on GU depend on muscle- and insulin dose-specific elevation in phosphorylation of Akt substrates, including, but not limited to, AS160; and 4) greater IR phosphorylation and aPKC activity may contribute at higher insulin doses.
Was this content written or created while at USF?
Yes
Citation / Publisher Attribution
American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, v. 300, issue 6, p. E945-E1178
Scholar Commons Citation
Sharma, Naveen; Arias, Edward B.; Bhat, Abhijit D.; Sequea, Donel A.; Ho, Steve; Croff, Kelsey K.; Sajan, Mini P.; Farese, Robert V.; and Cartee, Gregory D., "Mechanisms for Increased Insulin-stimulated Akt Phosphorylation and Glucose Uptake in Fast- and Slow-twitch Skeletal Muscles of Calorie-restricted Rats" (2011). Internal Medicine Faculty Publications. 198.
https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/intmed_facpub/198
