The Evolutionary Relationship Among Beak Shape, Mechanical Advantage, and Feeding Ecology in Modern Birds
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
3-2019
Keywords
Adaptation, beak shape, birds, diet, feeding ecology, mechanical advantage
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.13686
Abstract
Extensive research on avian adaptive radiations has led to a presumption that beak morphology predicts feeding ecology in birds. However, this ecomorphological relationship has only been quantified in a handful of avian lineages, where associations are of variable strength, and never at a broad macroevolutionary scale. Here, we used shape analysis and phylogenetic comparative methods to quantify the relationships among beak shape, mechanical advantage, and two measures of feeding ecology (feeding behavior and semiquantitative dietary preferences) in a broad sample of modern birds, comprising most living orders. We found a complex relationship, with most variables showing a significant relationship with feeding ecology but little explanatory power. For example, diet accounts for less than 12% of beak shape variation. Similar beak shapes are associated with disparate dietary regimes, even when accounting for diet‐feeding behavior relationships and phylogeny. Very few lineages optimize for stronger bite forces, with most birds exhibiting relatively fast, weak bites, even in large predatory taxa. The extreme morphological and behavioral flexibility of the beak in birds suggests that, far from being an exemplary feeding adaptation, avian beak diversification may have been largely contingent on trade‐offs and constraints.
Was this content written or created while at USF?
Yes
Citation / Publisher Attribution
Evolution, v. 73, issue 3, p. 422-435
Scholar Commons Citation
Navalón, Guillermo; Bright, Jen A.; Marugán‐Lobón, Jesús; and Rayfield, Emily J., "The Evolutionary Relationship Among Beak Shape, Mechanical Advantage, and Feeding Ecology in Modern Birds" (2019). School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications. 1186.
https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/geo_facpub/1186
