Scoria Cone Formation through a Violent Strombolian Eruption: Irao Volcano, SW Japan

Authors

Koji Kiyosugi, University of Tokyo
Yoshiyuki Horikawa, Yamaguchi University
Takashi Nagao, Yamaguchi University
Tetsumaru Itaya, Okayama University of Science
Charles B. Connor, University of South FloridaFollow
Kazuhiro Tanaka, Yamaguchi University

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

1-2013

Keywords

monogenetic volcano, violent strombolian, volcano formation, Scoria cone collapse, volcanic hazard, K–Ar dating

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-013-0781-7

Abstract

Scoria cones are common volcanic features and are thought to most commonly develop through the deposition of ballistics produced by gentle Strombolian eruptions and the outward sliding of talus. However, some historic scoria cones have been observed to form with phases of more energetic violent Strombolian eruptions (e.g., the 1943–1952 eruption of Parícutin, central Mexico; the 1975 eruption of Tolbachik, Kamchatka), maintaining volcanic plumes several kilometers in height, sometimes simultaneous with active effusive lava flows. Geologic evidence shows that violent Strombolian eruptions during cone formation may be more common than is generally perceived, and therefore it is important to obtain additional insights about such eruptions to better assess volcanic hazards. We studied Irao Volcano, the largest basaltic monogenetic volcano in the Abu Monogenetic Volcano Group, SW Japan. The geologic features of this volcano are consistent with a violent Strombolian eruption, including voluminous ash and fine lapilli beds (on order of 10⁻¹ km³ DRE) with simultaneous scoria cone formation and lava effusion from the base of the cone. The characteristics of the volcanic products suggest that the rate of magma ascent decreased gradually throughout the eruption and that less explosive Strombolian eruptions increased in frequency during the later stages of activity. During the eruption sequence, the chemical composition of the magma became more differentiated. A new K–Ar age determination for phlogopite crystallized within basalt dates the formation of Irao Volcano at 0.4 ± 0.05 Ma.

Was this content written or created while at USF?

Yes

Citation / Publisher Attribution

Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 76, art. 781

Scholar Commons Citation

Kiyosugi, Koji; Horikawa, Yoshiyuki; Nagao, Takashi; Itaya, Tetsumaru; Connor, Charles B.; and Tanaka, Kazuhiro, "Scoria Cone Formation through a Violent Strombolian Eruption: Irao Volcano, SW Japan" (2013). School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications. 1070.
https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/geo_facpub/1070