Graduation Year

2025

Document Type

Dissertation

Degree

Ph.D.

Degree Name

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)

Degree Granting Department

History

Major Professor

Philip Levy, Ph.D.

Committee Member

Brian Connolly, Ph.D.

Committee Member

Davide Tanasi, Ph.D.

Committee Member

Julia F. Irwin, Ph.D.

Keywords

Human, Nature, Hybrid Epistemology, Environmental Ethic

Abstract

This study examines the hybrid epistemologies developed by early American naturalists, such as Hans Sloane, Pehr Kalm, John and William Bartram, and Benjamin Smith Barton that blended empirical observation, spiritual frameworks, and Indigenous ecological knowledge. These figures, implicitly or explicitly challenging the dominant mechanistic and reductionist models of Enlightenment science, pioneered a more holistic ecological thinking, even as they operated within colonial power structures.

Through historical and textual analysis based on letters, natural histories, and other written sources, the study reveals how these naturalists synthesized multiple ways of knowing, particularly in their encounters with New World peoples and environments. Within this framework, it examines alternative regimes of knowledge that not only objectify nature but also approach it with respect and engagement.

Ultimately, the dissertation reassesses the legacy of colonial science, positioning it not merely as a tool of domination or Enlightenment rationalism, but also as a field of ecological consciousness shaped by intercultural interaction, resistance, and pluralism. This approach demonstrates the possibility of a more nuanced and multilayered intellectual landscape for both environmental history and environmental ethics.

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History Commons

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