Graduation Year

2025

Document Type

Thesis

Degree

M.S.

Degree Name

Master of Science (M.S.)

Degree Granting Department

Computer Science and Engineering

Major Professor

Zhao Han, Ph.D.

Committee Member

Jing Wang, Ph.D.

Committee Member

Julia Woodward, Ph.D.

Keywords

Human-robot interaction

Abstract

Entry to human-robot interaction research, e.g., conducting empirical experiments, faces a significant economic barrier due to the high cost of physical robots, ranging from thousands to tens of thousands. This cost issue also severely limits the field’s ability to replicate user studies and reproduce the results to verify their reliability, thus offering more confidence to incorporate these findings. Although virtual reality (VR) user studies present a potential solution, it is unclear whether we can confidently transfer the findings to physical robots and physical environments because VR isolates both the physical robot and the physical world where robots operate. To address this issue, we leveraged augmented reality (AR) only to simulate a virtual robot but retained the physical environment. Specifically, we implemented three conditions: (1) a physical robot interacted with a physical object, (2) a physical robot interacted with a virtual object, and (3) a virtual robot interacted with a virtual object. We used the Unity 3D engine and the Gazebo simulator to replicate the FetchIt! Mobile Manipulation Challenge environment and developed a communication bridge to synchronize the poses of virtual robots and objects with their physical counterparts in real-time. We implemented the pick-and-place operations for virtual and physical robots using the Robot Operating System (ROS), including designing custom ROS nodes for trajectory planning, motion execution, and arm-gripper publisher and subscriber between ROS and Unity. Moreover, we designed a human-subjects study, approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB), to collect subjective experience measures, specifically usability, trust, and personal preference, and task performance across physical and virtual robot conditions. Although the user study will be conducted as part of future research, this thesis lays the technical groundwork by implementing all required robotic and AR components and validating their functionality across three experimental conditions.

Included in

Robotics Commons

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