Graduation Year

2024

Document Type

Thesis

Degree

M.S.P.H.

Degree Name

MS in Public Health (M.S.P.H.)

Degree Granting Department

Public Health

Major Professor

Christine McGuire-Wolfe, Ph.D., CIC, CPH, EMT-P/FFII

Committee Member

Rachel Williams, M.D., M.S.P.H

Committee Member

Jared Jeffries, M.D., M.S.P.H

Keywords

needlestick injuries, hepatitis, firefighter, public safety worker, occupational exposure

Abstract

Emergency responders face a significant risk of exposure to blood-borne pathogens (BBPs), such as HIV and hepatitis, due to the nature of their work environment. This study investigates this issue utilizing a dual approach of data analysis and online surveys to assess exposure rates, risk perceptions, factors that contribute to risk and prevention practices. In addressing issues ranging from personal protective equipment (PPE) usage to levels of concern surrounding blood and bodily fluid contact, the findings underscore the need for tailored safety measures, comprehensive education, and improved prevention strategies.

The examination of 346 worker's compensation exposure claims highlighted a significant association between the department and the type of BBP exposure, with saliva and blood being the most common. Furthermore, it indicated the importance of thorough claims documentation, as over half of the claims lacked sufficient details to accurately assess exposure severity.

The online survey, completed by 171 emergency responders, shed light on personal experiences and perceptions of risk. It was found that 40.6% (n =67) had previous experience with BBP exposure, with a majority opting for medical assessment. The survey also underscored the importance of preventive measures and comprehensive training in reducing exposure risks.

The analysis highlighted that comprehensive training reduces exposure risks and stress associated with potential BBP exposure. This study offers valuable insights into BBP exposure among emergency responders, directing the improvement of safety protocols and prevention strategies.

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