Document Type
Article
Publication Date
10-2018
Keywords
ischemia, resistance training, volitional failure, kaatsu, exercise
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01448
Abstract
An inability to lift loads great enough to disrupt muscular blood flow may impair the ability to fatigue muscles, compromising the hypertrophic response. It is unknown what level of blood flow restriction (BFR) pressure, if any, is necessary to reach failure at very low-loads [i.e., 15% one-repetition maximum (1RM)]. The purpose of this study was to investigate muscular adaptations following resistance training with a very low-load alone (15/0), with moderate BFR (15/40), or with high BFR (15/80), and compare them to traditional high-load (70/0) resistance training. Using a within/between subject design, healthy young participants (n = 40) performed four sets of unilateral knee extension to failure (up to 90 repetitions/set), twice per week for 8 weeks. Data presented as mean change (95% CI). There was a condition by time interaction for 1RM (p < 0.001), which increased for 70/0 [3.15 (2.04,4.25) kg] only. A condition by time interaction (p = 0.028) revealed greater changes in endurance for 15/80 [6 (4,8) repetitions] compared to 15/0 [4 (2,6) repetitions] and 70/0 [4 (2,5) repetitions]. There was a main effect of time for isometric MVC [change = 10.51 (3.87,17.16) Nm, p = 0.002] and isokinetic MVC at 180◦/s [change = 8.61 (5.54,11.68) Nm, p < 0.001], however there was no change in isokinetic MVC at 60◦/s [2.45 (−1.84,6.74) Nm, p = 0.261]. Anterior and lateral muscle thicknesswasassessedat30,40,50,and60%oftheupperleg.Therewasnocondition by time interaction for muscle thickness sites (all p ≥ 0.313). There was a main effect of time for all sites, with increases over time (all p < 0.001). With the exception of the 30% lateral site (p = 0.059) there was also a main effect of condition (all p < 0.001). Generally, 70/0 was greater. Average weekly volume increased for all conditions across the 8 weeks, and was greatest for 70/0 followed by 15/0, 15/40, then 15/80. With the exception of 1RM, changes in strength and muscle size were similar regardless of load or restriction. The workload required to elicit these changes lowered with increased BFR pressure. These findings may be pertinent to rehabilitative settings, future research, and program design.
Rights Information
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Was this content written or created while at USF?
Yes
Citation / Publisher Attribution
Frontiers in Physiology, v. 9, art. 1448
Scholar Commons Citation
Jessee, Matthew B.; Buckner, Samuel L.; Mouser, J. G.; Mattocks, Kevin T.; Dankel, Scott J.; Abe, Takashi; Bell, Zachary W.; Bentley, John P.; and Loenneke, Jeremy P., "Muscle Adaptations to High-Load Training and Very Low-Load Training With and Without Blood Flow Restriction" (2018). Educational and Psychological Studies Faculty Publications. 217.
https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/esf_facpub/217
