Document Type
Article
Publication Date
2012
Keywords
Yeast, Cell cycle, Cell size, Growth, Cyclins
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-1028-7-24
Abstract
Cell size homeostasis is a conserved attribute in many eukaryotic species involving a tight regulation between the processes of growth and proliferation. In budding yeast S. cerevisiae, growth to a “critical cell size” must be achieved before a cell can progress past START and commit to cell division. Numerous studies have shown that progression past START is actively regulated by cell size control genes, many of which have implications in cell cycle control and cancer. Two initial screens identified genes that strongly modulate cell size in yeast. Since a second generation yeast gene knockout collection has been generated, we screened an additional 779 yeast knockouts containing 435 new ORFs (~7% of the yeast genome) to supplement previous cell size screens. Upon completion, 10 new strong size mutants were identified: nine in log-phase cells and one in saturation-phase cells, and 97% of the yeast genome has now been screened for cell size mutations. The majority of the logarithmic phase size mutants have functions associated with translation further implicating the central role of growth control in the cell division process. Genetic analyses suggest ECM9 is directly associated with the START transition. Further, the small (whi) mutants mrpl49Δ and cbs1Δ are dependent on CLN3 for cell size effects. In depth analyses of new size mutants may facilitate a better understanding of the processes that govern cell size homeostasis.
Citation / Publisher Attribution
Cell Division, v. 7, p. 1-13
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Scholar Commons Citation
Dungrawala, Huzefa; Hua, Hui; Wright, Jill; Abraham, Lesley; Kasemsri, Thivakorn; McDowell, Anthony; Stilwell, Jessica; and Schneider, Brandt L., "Identification of New Cell Size Control Genes in S. Cerevisiae" (2012). Molecular Biosciences Faculty Publications. 100.
https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/bcm_facpub/100
Additional file 1: Table S1. The tabs represent the following data. Hom. LOG: Average mean, median and mode values for the sizing of 299 homozygous diploid strains in the logarithmic phase. Het. LOG: Average mean, median and mode values for the sizing of 468 heterozygous diploid strains in the logarithmic phase. Hom. SAT: Average mean, median and mode values for the sizing of 303 homozygous diploid strains in the saturation phase. Het. SAT: Average mean, median and mode values for the sizing of 469 heterozygous diploid strains in the saturation phase. (Hom + Het) LOG: Average mean, median and mode values for the sizing of 767 diploid strains in the logarithmic phase (299 homozygous diploids + 468 heterozygous diploids). (Hom + Het) SAT: Average mean, median and mode values for the sizing of 772 diploid strains in the saturation phase (303 homozygous diploids + 469 heterozygous diploids). New cell size mutants: Statistical analysis for cell size of the newly identified size mutants in Table 1. Size mutant failures: Statistical analysis for cell size of the 14 mutants which failed to repeat the size phenotypes. % Repeatability: Comparative cell size analysis of the overlapping 144 newly constructed deletion strains with the previous screens. Epistasis size values: Logarithmic phase mean cell size readings for the epistatic combinations.
13008_2012_169_MOESM2_ESM.doc (119 kB)
Additional file 2: Figure S1. Cell size analyses of yeast deletion strains. (A) Total of 767 deletion strains (homozygous+heterozygous) were sized in the logarithmic phase. Each data point represents the number of strains whose size falls in a 5 fL bin. The two curves represent the geometric mean (diamond) and median (square) of the cell sizes. Upper and lower size limits are indicated by dashed lines and 95% of strains had mean cell sizes within the range of 82.7fL and 118fL (±2SD of the average mean cell size). WT mean cell size (104.1fL) is depicted by the arrow. (B) Total of 772 deletion strains (homozygous+heterozygous) were sized in the saturation phase. Each data point represents the number of strains whose size falls in a 5 fL bin. The two curves represent the geometric mean (diamond) and median (square) of the cell sizes. Upper and lower size limits are indicated by dashed lines and 95% had mean cell sizes within the range of 38.8fL and 62.8fL (±2SD of the average mean cell size). WT mean cell size (48.8fL) is depicted by the arrow.
13008_2012_169_MOESM3_ESM.doc (79 kB)
Additional file 3: Figure S2. Cell size distribution curves in saturation phase. Geometric mean distribution curves are represented for the strains studied. Each data point represents the number of strains whose size falls in a 5 fL bin. (A) Screen carried out in the year 2002 (Mean cell size = 50.8 fL). (B) Analysis of the new strains (Mean cell size = 50.8fL).
