Cardiometabolic Diseases and Immune-Responsive Metabolic Enzymes: Roles of Lipoxygenases (5, 12, 15), Cyclooxygenases (1, 2), and Cytochrome P450
College
College of Arts and Sciences
Mentor Information
Dr. Ganesh Halade
Description
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) encompass interrelated disorders involving cardiovascular dysfunction and metabolic dysregulation. Lipoxygenase (5-, 12/15-LOX), cyclooxygenase (COX-1/2), and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes regulate fatty acid metabolism and inflammatory signaling, significantly contributing to CMD pathogenesis. This review synthesizes recent evidence on LOX, COX, and CYP450 pathway crosstalk and evaluates their therapeutic and biomarker relevance in clinical cardiometabolic disease. A comprehensive PubMed literature search identified studies examining LOX, COX, and CYP450 enzymes inflammatory and metabolic pathways linked to CMD. Inclusion criteria were limited to human and animal studies published from 2010 to 2025, focusing on cardiac function, enzyme activity, or clinical outcome. The initial screening yielded n=102 articles, with full-text review of n=38, and final inclusion of n=27 for data extraction on study design and cardiometabolic conditions. Findings demonstrate that modulation of LOX, COX, and CYP450 pathways supports cardiac health, while its dysregulation promotes disease. Given the substrate dependent roles, targeted regulation of these pathways mitigates cardiac injury. Clinically used and naturally occurring compounds have emerged as LOX, COX, and CYP450 inhibitors, influencing cardiac drug metabolism and outcomes. Prognostically, biomarkers such as sLOX-1, HETEs, and COX-1/2 exhibit 1.5-3.0 fold elevations in advanced disease and are associated with increased risk of adverse cardiac events. LOX, COX, and CYP450 pathways are interconnected in cardiometabolic disease via shared arachidonic acid metabolism present widely in processed food products. Their regulation affects inflammation and metabolism, supporting their potential as therapeutic targets and biomarkers. Future studies should address lifestyle, mechanistic gaps, and large-scale validation.
Cardiometabolic Diseases and Immune-Responsive Metabolic Enzymes: Roles of Lipoxygenases (5, 12, 15), Cyclooxygenases (1, 2), and Cytochrome P450
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) encompass interrelated disorders involving cardiovascular dysfunction and metabolic dysregulation. Lipoxygenase (5-, 12/15-LOX), cyclooxygenase (COX-1/2), and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes regulate fatty acid metabolism and inflammatory signaling, significantly contributing to CMD pathogenesis. This review synthesizes recent evidence on LOX, COX, and CYP450 pathway crosstalk and evaluates their therapeutic and biomarker relevance in clinical cardiometabolic disease. A comprehensive PubMed literature search identified studies examining LOX, COX, and CYP450 enzymes inflammatory and metabolic pathways linked to CMD. Inclusion criteria were limited to human and animal studies published from 2010 to 2025, focusing on cardiac function, enzyme activity, or clinical outcome. The initial screening yielded n=102 articles, with full-text review of n=38, and final inclusion of n=27 for data extraction on study design and cardiometabolic conditions. Findings demonstrate that modulation of LOX, COX, and CYP450 pathways supports cardiac health, while its dysregulation promotes disease. Given the substrate dependent roles, targeted regulation of these pathways mitigates cardiac injury. Clinically used and naturally occurring compounds have emerged as LOX, COX, and CYP450 inhibitors, influencing cardiac drug metabolism and outcomes. Prognostically, biomarkers such as sLOX-1, HETEs, and COX-1/2 exhibit 1.5-3.0 fold elevations in advanced disease and are associated with increased risk of adverse cardiac events. LOX, COX, and CYP450 pathways are interconnected in cardiometabolic disease via shared arachidonic acid metabolism present widely in processed food products. Their regulation affects inflammation and metabolism, supporting their potential as therapeutic targets and biomarkers. Future studies should address lifestyle, mechanistic gaps, and large-scale validation.
