•  
  •  

Home > Open Access Journals > JSS > Vol. 19 > No. 2 (2026)

 

Author Biography

Volodymyr Artemov is a Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences and Professor in the Department of Counterintelligence, National Academy of the Security Service of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine. He actively contributes to research and educational activities aimed at strengthening the quality of professional training in the field of national security. Research interests include pedagogy of higher education, professional training methodologies, and innovative educational technologies.  

Alexander Rusnak is a Doctor of Law Associate Professor, and Professor in the Department of Counterintelligence, National Academy of the Security Service of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine. His academic and professional activities focus on legal research and the development of legal mechanisms aimed at ensuring the effective functioning of state institutions and the protection of public interests. He has significant experience in teaching and scientific work in the field of law and actively participates in scholarly discussions on contemporary legal issues. His research contributes to the development of legal theory and practice in matters related to national security and law enforcement. Research interests include criminal law, criminal procedure, and legal regulation of state security.  

Viktor Trepak is a Doctor of Law Associate Professor, and Professor in the Special Department of the National Academy of the Security Service of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine. His professional and scientific activities are associated with legal studies and the improvement of legal frameworks related to public administration, security, and law enforcement. He combines academic work with practical expertise and contributes to research focused on contemporary legal challenges and the strengthening of legal institutions. His scholarly publications address important aspects of legal theory and practical implementation of legislation in the field of national security. Research interests include criminal law, criminal justice, and legal aspects of national security.  

Grygorii Ostafiichuk is a Doctor of Law Sciences and Professor in the Special Department of the Educational and Scientific Institute of State Security, National Academy of the Security Service of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine. His scientific and educational activities are focused on legal studies and issues related to the functioning of the justice system and state security. His work combines theoretical and practical approaches to solving contemporary legal challenges. Research interests include criminal law, criminal procedure, and state security.  

Alexandr Kalinin is a Ph.D. in Law and Professor in the Special Department of the Educational and Scientific Institute of State Security, National Academy of the Security Service of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine. His academic activities are concentrated on legal studies and the analysis of legal mechanisms related to criminal justice and the protection of state interests. He has extensive experience in teaching and research and contributes to the development of legal knowledge and professional education. Research interests include criminal procedure, criminal law, and state security.

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.19.2.2484

Subject Area Keywords

Cybersecurity, Information operations, Intelligence analysis

Abstract

The growing dependence of states on digital infrastructures has elevated national information security to a matter of strategic importance. This study examines the role of special services (intelligence agencies) in protecting against cyber threats, focusing on their legal, operational, and technological functions. Using a combination of comparative legal analysis, case law review, expert surveys, and statistical modelling across 20 countries, the research highlights both strengths and limitations of current approaches. The findings demonstrate that states with clear and specific legislation on intelligence and cybersecurity achieve a 26% higher rate of preventive success than those with ambiguous frameworks. Strong judicial oversight also correlates with significantly lower rates of privacy breaches (12% compared to 32% under weak oversight). However, the results must be interpreted cautiously, as the definition, categorization, and reporting of cyber incidents vary widely across jurisdictions. Some countries classify any intrusion attempt as an attack, while others only record confirmed breaches, leading to systemic underreporting and limiting the reliability of cross-national comparisons. This study contributes to bridging legal, technical, and operational perspectives by underscoring the importance of standardized definitions and reporting practices. The practical implications are threefold: (1) to guide policymakers in designing clearer legislative frameworks; (2) to strengthen mechanisms of international cooperation and intelligence-sharing; and (3) to inform the integration of emerging technologies such as AI and quantum encryption into intelligence practice. The results emphasize the need for both national reforms and coordinated international standards to enhance resilience against the evolving cyber-threat landscape.

Download

Share

COinS