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Home > Open Access Journals > JSS > Vol. 14 > No. 3 (2021)

 

Author Biography

Yusef Karimi,

Independent researcher, Ontario, Canada. Yukarimi@yahoo.com.

Ann-Mari Hesselink,

Department of Criminology and Security Science, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa, hesselae@unisa.ac.za

Johan Prinsloo,

Department of Criminology and Security Science, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa, prinsjh@unisa.ac.za.

Stella Bhawanie,

Ph.D, Clinical Psychology, bhawanie@bell.net

Alexandra Cimbura,

Department of Psychology, University of Ottawa, lexi7@rogers.com

José M Andreu,

Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment I. Complutense University of Madrid, Spain. jmandreu@ucm.es

Adekunle G. Ahmed,

Division of Forensic Psychiatry and Division of Addiction and Mental Health, Ottawa, Canada. ag.ahmed@theroyal.ca.

Adarsh Kholi,

Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India. adarsh@hotmail.com.

Wagdy Loza,

Adjunct Assistant Professor, Queen’s University, Ontario, Canada & Honorary Professor University of South Africa (UNISA), Department of Criminology and Security Science, College of Law. wml@queensu.ca.

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.14.3.1934

Subject Area Keywords

Fundamentalism, Ideology, International security, Political violence, Terrorism / counterterrorism, Violent extremism

Abstract

The Assessment and Treatment of Radicalization Scale (ATRS) is designed to quantitatively measure Muslim extremists’ ideologies regarding risk areas that are reported in the literature. Utilizing the scale, in this study, using a convenience sample of 1769 from 10 countries (Australia, Canada, Egypt, India, Iran, Iraq, Nigeria, Pakistan, Spain, and South Africa) responded to the ATRS. Results supported previous findings about the reliability and validity of the Assessment and Treatment of Radicalization Scale (ATRS, formerly known as Belief Diversity Scale BDS, Loza, 2007) for assessing Muslim extremists. Suggested cut off scores to use for identifying possible extremists are provided.

Disclaimer

The authors declared that they had no conflicts of interest with respect to their authorship or the publication of this article.

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to express their appreciation to the participants who were involved in this study.

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