Volume 46, Issue 2 (2017)
Cover and Front Matter
Evaporite Karst
Chemical deposits in evaporite caves: an overview
Paolo Forti
- Up to date news on minerals and speleothems in evaporite caves
- Short description of the ain mechanisms allowing chemichal deposits in evaporite caves
Evaporite karst in Italy: a review
Jo De Waele, Leonardo Piccini, Andrea Columbu, Giuliana Madonia, Marco Vattano, Chiara Calligaris, Ilenia D’Angeli, Mario Parise, Mauro Chiesi, Michele Sivelli, Bartolomeo Vigna, Luca Zini, Veronica Chiarini, Francesco Sauro, Russell Drysdale, and Paolo Forti
- Geology of Italian gypsum karst is described
- Main surface morphologies in these gypsum areas is illustrated
- Caves in gypsum are described
- Carbonate speleothems in these evaporite caves are important palaeoclimate archives
- Gypsum areas are often subjected to different kinds of hazards
Evaporite karst geohazards in the Delaware Basin, Texas: review of traditional karst studies coupled with geophysical and remote sensing characterization
Kevin W. Stafford, Wesley A. Brown, Jon T. Ehrhart, Adam F. Majzoub, and Jonathan D. Woodard
- Hypogene & Epigene karst geohazards associated with infrastructure
- Speleogenesis of Permian evaporite karst
- Coupled traditional and remote sensing characterization of evaporite karst
- LiDAR & CIR image analyses for characterization of gypsum karst phenomena
- Direct Current & Capacitively Coupled resistivity detection of shallow gypsum karst phenomena
Possible evaporite karst in an interior layered deposit in Juventae Chasma, Mars
Davide Baioni and Mario Tramontana
- Karst morphologies are detected in an ILD in Juventae Chasma
- The landforms display similarity with terrestrial karst
- The features of the karst landforms suggest a young erosional age
- The landforms suggest the presence of liquid water
- The landforms are markers of climatic changes occurred in the early Amazonian period
Integration of multi-criteria and nearest neighbour analysis with kernel density functions for improving sinkhole susceptibility models: the case study of Enemonzo (NE Italy)
Chiara Calligaris, Stefano Devoto, Jorge P. Galve, Luca Zini, and José V. Pérez-Peña
- The Alta Valle del Tagliamento valley (N Italy) is affected by hundreds of sinkholes
- A susceptibility model of high forecast performance was produce for the Enemonzo area
- The parameter Nearest Sinkhole Distance and the use of kernel density estimations improved the model significantly
Hydrogeological flow in gypsum karst areas: some examples from northern Italy and main circulation models
Bartolomeo Vigna, Ilenia M. D'Angeli, Adriano Fiorucci, and Jo De Waele
- Hydrogeology of three Italian gypsum karst areas has been investigated
- Geochemistry of waters has been carried out
- Multiparametric loggers (T, EC and water level) have been installed
- Three different types of underground flow have been identified
- Three water circulation models in gypsum karst aquifers are defined
Karst development of an evaporitic system and its hydrogeological implications inferred from GIS-based analysis and tracing techniques
José M. Gil-Márquez, Juan A. Barberá, Matías Mudarra, Bartolomé Andreo, Jorge Prieto-Mera, Damián Sánchez, L. David Rizo-Decelis, Manuel Argamasilla, José M. Nieto, and Beatríz de la Torre
- Karst development and hydrogeology of an evaporitic system were assessed
- Closed-depressed areas were identify based on high resolution altitudinal data (LiDAR)
- Dye tracer test in hyper-saline media coupled with spring natural response control was performed
- Karst development is related to fracturing and diapirism based on distribution of depressed areas
- A high degree of inner karstification was deduced from artificial and environmental tracers
Integrated approach for sinkhole evaluation and evolution prediction in the Central Ebro Basin (NE Spain)
Oscar Pueyo Anchuela, Andrés Pocoví Juan, Antonio M. Casas Sainz, Javier Gracia Abadias, and Carlos L. Liesa Carrera
- Integrated evaluation of karst evidences
- Geophysical signatures of sinkhole stages
- Evolutionary model of sinkhole evidences
- Karstic sinkhole inventory aided by geophysics and field inspection
Gypsum speleogenesis: a hydrogeological classification of gypsum caves
José-María Calaforra and Fernando Gázquez
- We propose a classification of gypsum karsts based on hydro-/geological criteria
- This classification considers tectonic and stratigraphic characteristics of gypsum karsts
- Examples of gypsum caves developed in Spain are presented to illustrate each category
- Similarities and differences with gypsum karsts in other regions are discussed
- This classification is flexible and adaptable to each case study
- Gypsum schlottenkarren in Nova Scotia are shown to be pre-Last Glacial Maximum in age
- This has wider implications for the genesis and chronology of regional evaporite karsts and caves
- Schlottenkarren form only where there is sufficient hydraulic head and free drainage
- Palaeokarst sediments might be of great value in studies of the Quaternary in the region
Overview of the geophysical studies in the Dead Sea coastal area related to evaporite karst and recent sinkhole development
Mikhail G. Ezersky, Anatoly Legchenko, Lev Eppelbaum, and Abdalla Al-Zoubi
- Geophysics used in the Dead Sea sinkhole investigations
- Model of salt formation is suggested
- Temporal sinkholes development during 15 years is considered
- Salt existence in Ghor Al-Haditha is discussed
Hydrogeology of salt karst under different cap soils and climates (Persian Gulf and Zagros Mts., Iran)
Jiri Bruthans, Jiri Kamas, Michal Filippi, Mohammad Zare, and Alan L. Mayo
- Hydrogeology of world´s best-developed salt karst region was studied
- Soil water chemistry depends on both the climate and cap soil thickness
- Flash floods in salt karst are very rapid and hazardous
- Flash flood runoff on thick cap soil in semi-arid climate has very low TDS
- Mean residence time of water on the diapirs is controlled by the cap soil thickness
