Document Type

Statistical Report

Publication Date

2-1-2026

Abstract

Public transit agencies are increasingly reliant on digital systems, making cybersecurity a critical component of operational safety and reliability. This study examines how transit agencies detect, assess, and mitigate cyber threats within a rapidly evolving technological environment, with a specific emphasis on rural transit environments. Through a comprehensive literature review and a national survey of transit agency representatives, the research identifies both advancements in cybersecurity practices and persistent challenges that hinder sector-wide resilience.

Survey findings reveal that many agencies have adopted foundational protections such as layered defense strategies, risk assessments, and security awareness training; however, significant gaps remain in advanced monitoring, policy maintenance, and incident response planning. Resource limitations, outdated systems, and the complex interaction between information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) disproportionately affect smaller and rural agencies, leading to uneven implementation of cybersecurity standards. Survey respondents emphasized the need for additional funding, improved threat intelligence sharing, accessible training, and more explicit federal and state guidance. It is important to note that the survey received 21 responses from more than 6,700 U.S. transit agencies. While these responses provide valuable insights into current cybersecurity practices and challenges, the small sample size limits the ability to generalize the findings across the entire industry. The results should be seen as indicative rather than definitive.

Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, and advanced analytics offer the potential for enhanced threat detection but also introduce new vulnerabilities and ethical concerns. The literature and survey results in this research underscore the importance of flexible, integrated, and human-centered cybersecurity strategies, improved incident reporting mechanisms, and expanded opportunities for knowledge sharing.

Overall, this report provides transit agencies with comparative peer insights and highlights leading practices to strengthen cybersecurity readiness. To ensure resilience in the transit sector, agencies will need ongoing investment, cross-sector collaboration, and risk-based governance approaches that reflect the interconnected nature of modern transit systems. Focused actionable strategies, such as developing or updating incident response plans, increasing staff training, and engaging in peer knowledge exchanges, will be essential for agencies aiming to enhance their cybersecurity posture.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

https://doi.org/10.5038/NFZA6212

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