BRCA 1 and 2 Mutations and their relation to Breast Cancer: An Epidemiological Overview
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Mentor Information
Olukemi Akintewe
Description
BrCa 1 and 2 are genes that help repair damaged DNA via proteins. Mutations within these genes are responsible for a higher risk of breast cancer. While BrCa positive cancer only accounts for a small percentage of breast cancer, it is the main cause of breast cancer for those who are BrCa positive. Inheriting the BrCa1/2 gene mutation increases the incidence and mortality, and compounds with a familial history of BrCa mutations and cancer. There are many articles describing the susceptibility of populations to certain cancers due to BrCa ½ mutations,but they do not show a link between geographical data and other global factors. This systematic review intends to provide a complete overview of the global prevalence and possible factors influencing frequency within varying populations. Beginning with 1500 peer reviewed articles spanning over the past 20 years, we ultimately settled on 99 articles focusing on breast cancer prevalence throughout 7 populations,(Ashkenazi Jews, MENA, Europe, USA, South America, Asia, and Africa), as well as current health disparities and causing factors. A second review process limited the amount of articles to only include specific groups and size of sample in the studies.Compiling this data into charts, we are able to see occurrence and ratio on population to incidence. We focused primarily on diet, genetics, and location as factors that affect susceptibility. By organizing the data into population subsets, we can more accurately see the occurrence of breast cancer in BrCa positive groups globally.We noted an increased breast cancer incidence in the Ashkenazi Jewish population, most likely explained due to being ostracized from Eastern European cities and inbreeding. The majority of the 99 articles were focused on this subgroup. There is a notable increase in prevalence within the Chinese population as opposed to MENA or the United States, most likely due to the same localized nutritional/environmental factors and genetic susceptibilities.
BRCA 1 and 2 Mutations and their relation to Breast Cancer: An Epidemiological Overview
BrCa 1 and 2 are genes that help repair damaged DNA via proteins. Mutations within these genes are responsible for a higher risk of breast cancer. While BrCa positive cancer only accounts for a small percentage of breast cancer, it is the main cause of breast cancer for those who are BrCa positive. Inheriting the BrCa1/2 gene mutation increases the incidence and mortality, and compounds with a familial history of BrCa mutations and cancer. There are many articles describing the susceptibility of populations to certain cancers due to BrCa ½ mutations,but they do not show a link between geographical data and other global factors. This systematic review intends to provide a complete overview of the global prevalence and possible factors influencing frequency within varying populations. Beginning with 1500 peer reviewed articles spanning over the past 20 years, we ultimately settled on 99 articles focusing on breast cancer prevalence throughout 7 populations,(Ashkenazi Jews, MENA, Europe, USA, South America, Asia, and Africa), as well as current health disparities and causing factors. A second review process limited the amount of articles to only include specific groups and size of sample in the studies.Compiling this data into charts, we are able to see occurrence and ratio on population to incidence. We focused primarily on diet, genetics, and location as factors that affect susceptibility. By organizing the data into population subsets, we can more accurately see the occurrence of breast cancer in BrCa positive groups globally.We noted an increased breast cancer incidence in the Ashkenazi Jewish population, most likely explained due to being ostracized from Eastern European cities and inbreeding. The majority of the 99 articles were focused on this subgroup. There is a notable increase in prevalence within the Chinese population as opposed to MENA or the United States, most likely due to the same localized nutritional/environmental factors and genetic susceptibilities.
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Poster Presentation