National culture dimensions as predictors of innovation, creativity, and entrepreneurship

Louis F. Jourdan Jr., Clayton State UniversityFollow
Michael Smith, Clayton State UniversityFollow

Abstract

The purposes of this study were twofold. The first was to encourage other investigators to examine more closely three indices related to economic growth, specifically innovation, entrepreneurship, and creativity. The second was to encourage further investigation of Hofstede’s national culture as explanatory variables. This investigation addressed this research gap by examining the relationships among indices of nations’ creativity, entrepreneurship, and innovation, and their relationships with Hofstede’s (2015) national culture dimensions. No previous research was identified which examined countries’ creativity, entrepreneurship, and innovation in the same study. The relationships among four measures associated with economic development—the Global Innovation Index (GII), the Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI), the Global Creativity Index (GCI), and Bloomberg 50 most innovative countries (B50) were studied. Two rarely investigated indices (B50 and GCI) were included in this research. Results indicated that all four indices were highly correlated. The factor structure of Hofstede’s six cultural dimensions was reduced to three major factors: heteronomy-autonomy, gratification, and competition-altruism. Using multiple regression analysis, heteronomy-autonomy and gratification predicted GII. Gratification predicted the remaining three criteria. This study addressed this research gap of criterion development by examining the relationships among these variables, their relationships with national culture, and their predictability from different national culture dimensions. Practical implications of these findings for decision-makers and policymakers who want to increase their country’s economic growth through the support of creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship were discussed.

Keywords

business creation, global creativity index, global entrepreneurship index, societal values, inventiveness

Chinese Abstract

国家文化维度作为预测创新、创造力和创业的因素

本研究的目的有二。其一是鼓励其他研究人员更深入地研究与经济增长相关的三个指标，即创新、创业和创造力。第二个目标是鼓励进一步研究霍夫斯特德（Hofstede）的国家文化作为解释变量。本研究通过研究国家创造力、创业和创新指标，以及它们与霍夫斯特德（2015）的国家文化维度之间的关系，来填补这一研究空白。未曾有文献同时研究国家的创造力、创业和创新。本文研究了与经济发展相关的四个指标—全球创新指数（GII）、全球创业指数（GEI）、全球创造力指数（GCI）和彭博50个最具创新性的国家（B50）之间的关系，其中两个指标（B50和GCI）鲜少被研究。结果表明，这四个指标之间高度相关。霍夫斯特德的六个文化维度的因子结构被简化为三个主要因素：异构-自治、满足及竞争-利他主义。通过多元回归分析，异构-自治和满足可预测全球创新指数，而满足预测了其余三个标准。本研究通过研究这些变量之间的关系、它们与国家文化之间的关系、及基于不同的国家文化维度的预测能力，填补了相关标准发展的研究空白。本研究讨论了这些发现对于那些希望通过支持创造力、创新和创业来促进国家经济增长的决策者和政策制定者的实际意义。

关键词：商业创造、全球创造力指数、全球创业指数、社会价值观、创造力

ORCID Identifiers

Louis F. Jourdan, Jr: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7243-2986

Michael Smith: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5378-5580

DOI

10.5038/2640-6489.6.2.1093

Recommended Citation

Jourdan, L. F., & Smith, M. (2021). National culture dimensions as predictors of innovation, creativity, and entrepreneurship. Journal of Global Business Insights, 6(2), 154-171. https://www.doi.org/10.5038/2640-6489.6.2.1093