Graduation Year

2022

Document Type

Dissertation

Degree

Ph.D.

Degree Name

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)

Degree Granting Department

English

Major Professor

Gurleen Grewal, Ph.D.

Co-Major Professor

Ylce Irizarry, Ph.D.

Committee Member

Nhu Le, Ph.D.

Committee Member

John Lennon, Ph.D.

Committee Member

Ulluminair Salim, Ph.D.

Keywords

Cli-fi, Ecocriticism, Multi-ethnic Literature, Hydrohumanities, Place Attachment, Speculative Fiction

Abstract

Anthropocene literature features characters and environments grappling with the devastation of climate change. Donna Haraway’s term Chthulucene narrows this category further by exposing the tentacular connections between overpopulation, dependence on material goods, species loss, and other facets of global warming—such as water as a resource. Three novels of the Chthulucene exhibit these connections, centering on the importance of water to both ecologies and personal identity. As seen in the novels, place attachment brings ecology and identity together by forging a stewardship between person and location, often resulting in efforts to defend and preserve a place. In Octavia Butler’s Parable of the Sower (1993), protagonist Lauren Olamina navigates a burning and destroyed California to build Earthseed, a collaborative community situated in diversity and resource sharing that serves as a model for how to survive climate change. Lauren’s Hyperempathy Syndrome makes her feel what others around her feel, such as pain, and illustrates how empathy—for humans and nonhuman nature alike—can create positive change. Linda Hogan’s Solar Storms (1994) depicts the environmental threat of hydrodams along the border between the U.S. and Canada to Indigenous communities. With this threat looming, 17-year-old Angel Jensen shares a water journey with women of her ancestral lands that strengthens her attachment to nonhuman nature and bolsters her courage to resist the dam project. In Nnedi Okorafor’s Lagoon (2014), humans join animals, plants, monsters, and aliens in a fight against the forces of planetary destruction. Set in Lagos, a bustling epicenter of oil production and social upheaval, this Africanfuturist novel prioritizes non-Western, nonhuman voices while representing the ocean, with all its substances and fluidity, as a symbol for climate change. Ultimately, these novels send a hopeful message for fighting climate change and for thriving amidst its effects we are already witnessing. Adaptability proves key to each of these messages: Earthseed materializes only after Lauren sees her walled neighborhood burn; Angel becomes a leader in the struggle against damming after leaving her home in Oklahoma and adopting the ecological philosophies of her foremothers; Adaora, Agu, and Anthony of Lagoon must grapple with the newly arrived aliens’ demands and the transformations of their individual abilities. In each novel, adaptability, change, and hope are intertwined. The positive messages of each novel lend themselves well to applications in the classroom. Students can learn from the power of adaptability in the Chthulucene to improve their own communities and ecosystems around the globe.

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